Professor Roger Stephen Thorpe PhD DSc Emeritus Chair
ECW Building, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
Tel + (0)1248 382312. Email [email protected]
Interests
Biodiversity and evolution, particularly natural selection, phylogeography, phylogeny, geographic variation and speciation in lizards and snakes. I use a multidisciplinary approach of field experiments, multivariate analysis of quantitative traits, molecular phylogeny, population genetics/molecular ecology, and numerical hypothesis testing to investigate the pattern and causes of microevolution and speciation. This work has tended to focus on island lizards in the Canaries and Lesser Antilles and venomous snakes after an earlier interest in the methods of analysing geographic variation in the Palaearctic ringed snake and Pleistocene effects on its distribution. However, I have collaborated in wildlife forensics and studying a wide range of taxa. I am currently working on testing the predictability of evolution in extreme environments (climate adaptation), with collaborative work on testing GYMC in Lesser Antillean anoles, and cause and pattern in Canary Island lizards.
Biodiversity and evolution, particularly natural selection, phylogeography, phylogeny, geographic variation and speciation in lizards and snakes. I use a multidisciplinary approach of field experiments, multivariate analysis of quantitative traits, molecular phylogeny, population genetics/molecular ecology, and numerical hypothesis testing to investigate the pattern and causes of microevolution and speciation. This work has tended to focus on island lizards in the Canaries and Lesser Antilles and venomous snakes after an earlier interest in the methods of analysing geographic variation in the Palaearctic ringed snake and Pleistocene effects on its distribution. However, I have collaborated in wildlife forensics and studying a wide range of taxa. I am currently working on testing the predictability of evolution in extreme environments (climate adaptation), with collaborative work on testing GYMC in Lesser Antillean anoles, and cause and pattern in Canary Island lizards.
Recent publications
For a full list of publications go to the Publications page. Many papers are accessible via Researchgate (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Thorpe). If not available online then email me at [email protected] for a pdf.
2015
Thorpe RS, Barlow A, Malhotra A, Surget-Groba Y (2015) Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24(5): 1019-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13093
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Thorpe RS. 2015. The importance of being genomic: Non-coding and coding sequences suggest different models of toxin multi-gene family evolution. Toxicon. Dec 1;107(Pt B):344-58. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
Mrinalini, R S Thorpe, S Creer, D Lallias, L Dawnay, B L Stuart, A Malhotra. 2015. Convergence of multiple markers and analysis methods defines the genetic distinctiveness of cryptic pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 266–279
Martin JL, Knapp CR, Gerber GP, Thorpe RS, Welch ME. 2015. Phylogeography of the endangered Lesser Antillean iguana, Iguana delicatissima: a recent diaspora in an archipelago known for ancient herpetological endemism. J Hered. 106(3):315-21. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esv004. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
2013
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Stöcklin R, Favreau P, Thorpe RS 2013. Predicting function from sequence in a large multifunctional toxin family. Toxicon. 72:113-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Surget-Groba Y. and R.S. Thorpe. 2013. A likelihood framework analysis of an island radiation: phylogeography of the Lesser Antillean gecko Sphaerodactylus vincenti, in comparison with the anole Anolis roquet. Journal of Biogeography. 40, 105–116
2012
Thorpe RS, Y Surget-Groba, H Johansson. 2012, Quantitative traits and mode of speciation in Martinique anoles. Molecular Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05737.x 21, 5299–5308.
Surget-Groba, Y, H Johansson, RS. Thorpe. 2012. Synergy between Allopatry and Ecology in Population Differentiation and Speciation. International Journal of Ecology. Volume 2012, Article ID 273413, 10 pages. doi:10.1155/2012/27341
2011
Malhotra A , R S. Thorpe, Mrinalini , B L. Stuart 2011. Two new species of pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops Cope 1860 (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 2757:1-23
Malhotra A., K. Dawson, P. Guo, R.S. Thorpe. 2011. Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia. Mol. Phylogen. Evol., 59(2):444-57; doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.010.
2010
Thorpe RS, Surget-Groba Y, Johansson H (2010) Genetic Tests for Ecological and Allopatric Speciation in Anoles on an Island Archipelago. PLoS Genet 6(4): e1000929. doi:10.1371
See Nature 2010 465:12
See Science 2010. 328:677
Karen Dawson, Roger S. Thorpe, Anita Malhotra 2010. Estimating Genetic Variability in Non-Model Taxa: A General Procedure for Discriminating Sequence Errors from Actual Variation. PLOS Published: December 6, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015204
Malhotra A, S Creer, CE Pook, RS Thorpe (2010) Inclusion of nuclear intron sequence data helps to identify the Asian sister group of New World pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 172–178.
J. Eales, R. S. Thorpe and A. Malhotra (2010) Colonisation history and genetic diversity: adaptive potential in early stage invasions. Molecular Ecology. 19: 2858-2869.
J. Eales & R. S. Thorpe (2010). Revealing the geographic origin of an invasive lizard: the problem of native population genetic diversity. Biol Invasions 12:77–86
DOI 10.1007/s10530-009-9431-6.
Daniells, E. A., N. J. Vélez Espinet, R. S. Thorpe and R. Powell. 2010. Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (876): 1-8
Powell, R., R. W. Henderson and R. S. Thorpe. 2010. Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (877): 1-3
For a full list of publications go to the Publications page. Many papers are accessible via Researchgate (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Thorpe). If not available online then email me at [email protected] for a pdf.
2015
Thorpe RS, Barlow A, Malhotra A, Surget-Groba Y (2015) Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24(5): 1019-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13093
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Thorpe RS. 2015. The importance of being genomic: Non-coding and coding sequences suggest different models of toxin multi-gene family evolution. Toxicon. Dec 1;107(Pt B):344-58. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
Mrinalini, R S Thorpe, S Creer, D Lallias, L Dawnay, B L Stuart, A Malhotra. 2015. Convergence of multiple markers and analysis methods defines the genetic distinctiveness of cryptic pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 266–279
Martin JL, Knapp CR, Gerber GP, Thorpe RS, Welch ME. 2015. Phylogeography of the endangered Lesser Antillean iguana, Iguana delicatissima: a recent diaspora in an archipelago known for ancient herpetological endemism. J Hered. 106(3):315-21. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esv004. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
2013
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Stöcklin R, Favreau P, Thorpe RS 2013. Predicting function from sequence in a large multifunctional toxin family. Toxicon. 72:113-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Surget-Groba Y. and R.S. Thorpe. 2013. A likelihood framework analysis of an island radiation: phylogeography of the Lesser Antillean gecko Sphaerodactylus vincenti, in comparison with the anole Anolis roquet. Journal of Biogeography. 40, 105–116
2012
Thorpe RS, Y Surget-Groba, H Johansson. 2012, Quantitative traits and mode of speciation in Martinique anoles. Molecular Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05737.x 21, 5299–5308.
Surget-Groba, Y, H Johansson, RS. Thorpe. 2012. Synergy between Allopatry and Ecology in Population Differentiation and Speciation. International Journal of Ecology. Volume 2012, Article ID 273413, 10 pages. doi:10.1155/2012/27341
2011
Malhotra A , R S. Thorpe, Mrinalini , B L. Stuart 2011. Two new species of pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops Cope 1860 (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 2757:1-23
Malhotra A., K. Dawson, P. Guo, R.S. Thorpe. 2011. Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia. Mol. Phylogen. Evol., 59(2):444-57; doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.010.
2010
Thorpe RS, Surget-Groba Y, Johansson H (2010) Genetic Tests for Ecological and Allopatric Speciation in Anoles on an Island Archipelago. PLoS Genet 6(4): e1000929. doi:10.1371
See Nature 2010 465:12
See Science 2010. 328:677
Karen Dawson, Roger S. Thorpe, Anita Malhotra 2010. Estimating Genetic Variability in Non-Model Taxa: A General Procedure for Discriminating Sequence Errors from Actual Variation. PLOS Published: December 6, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015204
Malhotra A, S Creer, CE Pook, RS Thorpe (2010) Inclusion of nuclear intron sequence data helps to identify the Asian sister group of New World pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 172–178.
J. Eales, R. S. Thorpe and A. Malhotra (2010) Colonisation history and genetic diversity: adaptive potential in early stage invasions. Molecular Ecology. 19: 2858-2869.
J. Eales & R. S. Thorpe (2010). Revealing the geographic origin of an invasive lizard: the problem of native population genetic diversity. Biol Invasions 12:77–86
DOI 10.1007/s10530-009-9431-6.
Daniells, E. A., N. J. Vélez Espinet, R. S. Thorpe and R. Powell. 2010. Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (876): 1-8
Powell, R., R. W. Henderson and R. S. Thorpe. 2010. Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (877): 1-3
LESSER ANTILLEAN LIZARDS
This work has primarily been on anoles, but includes several studies of the litter geckos (Sphaerodactylus). While the Greater Antilles, with their large complex anole communities, have been the focus of numerous studies (see Losos’s 2009 book, “Lizards in an evolutionary tree: Ecology and adaptive radiation of anoles”), there are just one or two anole species per island in the Lesser Antilles. I have found these Lesser Antillean anoles from the northern bimaculatus series and southern roquet series, to be valuable in studying natural selection, adaptation, phylogeny, phylogeography, colonization, species turnover, speciation, invasion genetics, parallel evolution and species limits. This work has been primarily funded by NERC and the BBSRC with support from the Leverhulme Trust.
Natural selection studies and field experiments : Causal factors in microevolution
While molecular phylogeography can show quite distinct old (several million years) lineages within an island species, the marked variation in quantitative traits (pattern, hue, scalation, size and shape) across an island is primarily due to adaptation by natural selection for current environmental conditions. This is supported by close correlation between QTs and environmental factors (using procedures such as matrix correspondence tests), remarkably rapid adaptation of invasive anoles, widespread parallel evolution of QTs (Thorpe et al 2015), and direct field experiments on natural selection. Anita Malhotra and I set up a series of large scale field experiments on Dominica that showed that translocated Anolis oculatus were very rapidly subject to a significant selection intensity, that revealed the targets of selection, and that showed that the QTs were genetic rather than environmentally plastic (Malhotra & Thorpe 1991 Nature, Thorpe & Malhotra 1992 Nature, 1996 Trans R Soc B, Thorpe et al Amer Nat 2005). These proved to be a forerunner of a series of field experiments on other anoles showing the importance of aspects of natural selection (reviewed in Losos 2009).
While molecular phylogeography can show quite distinct old (several million years) lineages within an island species, the marked variation in quantitative traits (pattern, hue, scalation, size and shape) across an island is primarily due to adaptation by natural selection for current environmental conditions. This is supported by close correlation between QTs and environmental factors (using procedures such as matrix correspondence tests), remarkably rapid adaptation of invasive anoles, widespread parallel evolution of QTs (Thorpe et al 2015), and direct field experiments on natural selection. Anita Malhotra and I set up a series of large scale field experiments on Dominica that showed that translocated Anolis oculatus were very rapidly subject to a significant selection intensity, that revealed the targets of selection, and that showed that the QTs were genetic rather than environmentally plastic (Malhotra & Thorpe 1991 Nature, Thorpe & Malhotra 1992 Nature, 1996 Trans R Soc B, Thorpe et al Amer Nat 2005). These proved to be a forerunner of a series of field experiments on other anoles showing the importance of aspects of natural selection (reviewed in Losos 2009).
Recent studies of parallel evolution in Lesser Antillean anoles (Thorpe et al 2015) show remarkable and widespread parallel evolutionary differences between xeric coastal and montane rainforest anoles.
Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the anoles and litter geckos has revealed new species, shown colonization sequence and revealed paraphyly of species. For example, Anolis sabanus appears to have evolved when Saba was colonized from southwestern Basse Terre Guadeloupe (where it is phylogenetically nested within A. marmoratus) (Stenson et al 2004). And Anolis extremus appears to have evolved when Barbados was colonized from Martinique (where it is nested within A. roquet) (Thorpe et al 2005). Dominican Sphaerodactylus fantasticus also appear to have come from SW Basse Terre.
Colonization of Saba from SW Basse Terre Guadeloupe
Was the emergence of Barbados much earlier than geologists suggest?
The volcanic origin of islands and regions allows effective calibration of the molecular clock and there is close agreement between different clock methods and with expected ectotherm clock rates. However, molecular phylogeographic structure of the anole suggests the gradual uplifting of Barbados to emergence was very much earlier than geologists suggest (Thorpe et al 2005 Mol Ecol). Biogeography, species turnover and species age is something we are currently working on.
The volcanic origin of islands and regions allows effective calibration of the molecular clock and there is close agreement between different clock methods and with expected ectotherm clock rates. However, molecular phylogeographic structure of the anole suggests the gradual uplifting of Barbados to emergence was very much earlier than geologists suggest (Thorpe et al 2005 Mol Ecol). Biogeography, species turnover and species age is something we are currently working on.
Novel methods to analyse spectrometric data on hue. Hue (e.g. of the dewlap- below) varies among populations, including in the human-invisible UV range, and novel methods have been developed to analyse spectrometric data in (Thorpe 2002).
Genetics of invasion.
Dominica has recently been invaded by the Greater Antillean anole Anolis cristatellus from Puerto Rico and we were able to study the outcome of this process in real time. The genetics of invasion are currently under investigation with support from the Rufford Foundation and a NERC
Case studentship. This study showed the geographic location of origin and number of haplotypes in the propagule, multiple paternity/insemination, very rapid adaptation by natural selection to an altitudinal habitat difference, and surprisingly little reduction in genetic variability in the rapidly expanding invading population (Eales et al 2008, 2010).
Dominica has recently been invaded by the Greater Antillean anole Anolis cristatellus from Puerto Rico and we were able to study the outcome of this process in real time. The genetics of invasion are currently under investigation with support from the Rufford Foundation and a NERC
Case studentship. This study showed the geographic location of origin and number of haplotypes in the propagule, multiple paternity/insemination, very rapid adaptation by natural selection to an altitudinal habitat difference, and surprisingly little reduction in genetic variability in the rapidly expanding invading population (Eales et al 2008, 2010).
Current work.
I am currently working on the degree of predictability in microevolution, and collaboratively working on evaluating the General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model in identifying species delimitation.
I am currently working on the degree of predictability in microevolution, and collaboratively working on evaluating the General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) model in identifying species delimitation.
VENOMOUS SNAKES
Although my PhD was on snakes, I then focused on lizards until developing work on medically important venomous snakes in the mid 1980s. This work started with a revision of Asian cobras (with W Wuster), but was soon joined by other workers, dominated by molecular methods and expanded into other taxa including Russell’s viper, Old world pit vipers (eg Trimeresurus sensu lato and Calloselasma), and New World pit vipers (Bothrops and some work on Crotalis viridis). The interest in the systematics and evolution of the snakes remains, the work has expanded into the molecular evolution of the venom. A part of this work has been encouraging the interaction between the biological and medical interests in these animals (Thorpe, R S, W Wüster, & A Malhotra. 1997 Venomous Snakes: Ecology, Evolution and Snakebite).
The primary focus of the long-term collaborative work with Dr Anita Malhotra has been a molecular phylogenetic study and revision of the Old-World pitvipers Trimeresurus sensu lato and related groups. A fundamental revision of the group has resulted with generic rearrangements and elucidation of numerous cryptic species. Work continues on the systematics and evolution of this group as well as the nature of the molecular evolution of venom components and venom genomics (e.g. Malhotra et al 2015).
Other Asian work includes work on the dangerous snake, Russell’s viper showing that it splits into eastern and western species, and Jenny Daltry’s paradigm shifting work showing the dietary cause of venom evolution in the Malayan Pit Viper (Daltry, Wuster & Thorpe 1996 Nature).
This work has been supported by NERC and BBSRC studentships and grants from NERC, The Wellcome Trust, The Leverhulme Trust, and EU.
Drs Wuster (https://www.bangor.ac.uk/biology/staff/wuster.php) and Malhotra (https://www.bangor.ac.uk/biology/staff/malhotra.php) are still actively involved in this area.
The primary focus of the long-term collaborative work with Dr Anita Malhotra has been a molecular phylogenetic study and revision of the Old-World pitvipers Trimeresurus sensu lato and related groups. A fundamental revision of the group has resulted with generic rearrangements and elucidation of numerous cryptic species. Work continues on the systematics and evolution of this group as well as the nature of the molecular evolution of venom components and venom genomics (e.g. Malhotra et al 2015).
Other Asian work includes work on the dangerous snake, Russell’s viper showing that it splits into eastern and western species, and Jenny Daltry’s paradigm shifting work showing the dietary cause of venom evolution in the Malayan Pit Viper (Daltry, Wuster & Thorpe 1996 Nature).
This work has been supported by NERC and BBSRC studentships and grants from NERC, The Wellcome Trust, The Leverhulme Trust, and EU.
Drs Wuster (https://www.bangor.ac.uk/biology/staff/wuster.php) and Malhotra (https://www.bangor.ac.uk/biology/staff/malhotra.php) are still actively involved in this area.
Canary Island Lizards
My research on the lizards of the Canary islands has included the Lacertids (Gallotia), the geckos (Tarentola) and the skinks (Chalcides), and has involved inter-island evolution and within-island studies of phylogeography and adaptation by natural selection.
Inter-island evolution. My multi-gene molecular phylogenetic studies of Gallotia (e.g. Thorpe et al, 1994 Evolution) were the forerunner of the more recent efforts involving access to denser sampling and current analytical methods. This work was funded largely by the British Research Councils.
Within-island evolution. Some of the Canary Islands, such as Tenerife and Gran Canaria, have distinct climatic biotopes within them, and are excellent systems for studying microevolution and natural selection. Work on within-island microevolution has involved the skinks, geckos and lacertids of both Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Parallel evolution between islands (Brown Thorpe & Baez 1991 Nature) and the evolution of quantitative traits in concert with north-south ecological zonation argue for adaptation by natural selection being the primary determinant of variation in these characters, even though molecular phylogeography indicates the existence of distinct lineages within islands (e.g. Gubitz et al, 2005 Mol. Ecol., Thorpe & Richard, 2001, PNAS).
Inter-island evolution. My multi-gene molecular phylogenetic studies of Gallotia (e.g. Thorpe et al, 1994 Evolution) were the forerunner of the more recent efforts involving access to denser sampling and current analytical methods. This work was funded largely by the British Research Councils.
Within-island evolution. Some of the Canary Islands, such as Tenerife and Gran Canaria, have distinct climatic biotopes within them, and are excellent systems for studying microevolution and natural selection. Work on within-island microevolution has involved the skinks, geckos and lacertids of both Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Parallel evolution between islands (Brown Thorpe & Baez 1991 Nature) and the evolution of quantitative traits in concert with north-south ecological zonation argue for adaptation by natural selection being the primary determinant of variation in these characters, even though molecular phylogeography indicates the existence of distinct lineages within islands (e.g. Gubitz et al, 2005 Mol. Ecol., Thorpe & Richard, 2001, PNAS).
Population Genetics and UV Markings
Population genetic work on Tenerife G. galloti , using microsatellites, suggests a greater restriction of gene flow between habitat types, with their distinctive UV sexual markings, than between historical lineages which has implications for ecological speciation (Thorpe & Richard, 2001, PNAS) (funded by the EC).
Population genetic work on Tenerife G. galloti , using microsatellites, suggests a greater restriction of gene flow between habitat types, with their distinctive UV sexual markings, than between historical lineages which has implications for ecological speciation (Thorpe & Richard, 2001, PNAS) (funded by the EC).
Ongoing collaborative work with Prof Brown (https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/staff-profiles/faculty-of-science/natural-sciences-and-psychology/richard-brown) is looking at the interaction between pattern, process and time in the Tenerife lizards.
PUBLICATIONS LIST
Many papers are accessible via Researchgate (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Thorpe). If not available online then email me at [email protected] for a pdf.
Many papers are accessible via Researchgate (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Roger_Thorpe). If not available online then email me at [email protected] for a pdf.
2015
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Thorpe RS. 2015. The importance of being genomic: Non-coding and coding sequences suggest different models of toxin multi-gene family evolution. Toxicon. Dec 1;107(Pt B):344-58. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
Mrinalini, R S Thorpe, S Creer, D Lallias, L Dawnay, B L Stuart, A Malhotra. 2015. Convergence of multiple markers and analysis methods defines the genetic distinctiveness of cryptic pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 266–279
Martin JL, Knapp CR, Gerber GP, Thorpe RS, Welch ME. 2015. Phylogeography of the endangered Lesser Antillean iguana, Iguana delicatissima: a recent diaspora in an archipelago known for ancient herpetological endemism. J Hered. 106(3):315-21. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esv004. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
Thorpe RS, Barlow A, Malhotra A, Surget-Groba Y (2015) Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24(5): 1019-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13093
2013
Malhotra A, Creer S, Harris JB, Stöcklin R, Favreau P, Thorpe RS 2013. Predicting function from sequence in a large multifunctional toxin family. Toxicon. 72:113-25. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Surget-Groba Y. and R.S. Thorpe. 2013. A likelihood framework analysis of an island radiation: phylogeography of the Lesser Antillean gecko Sphaerodactylus vincenti, in comparison with the anole Anolis roquet. Journal of Biogeography. 40, 105–116
2012
Thorpe RS, Y Surget-Groba, H Johansson. 2012, Quantitative traits and mode of speciation in Martinique anoles. Molecular Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05737.x 21, 5299–5308.
Surget-Groba, Y, H Johansson, RS. Thorpe. 2012. Synergy between Allopatry and Ecology in Population Differentiation and Speciation. International Journal of Ecology. Volume 2012, Article ID 273413, 10 pages. doi:10.1155/2012/27341
2011
Malhotra A , R S. Thorpe, Mrinalini , B L. Stuart 2011. Two new species of pitviper of the genus Cryptelytrops Cope 1860 (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa 2757:1-23
Malhotra A., K. Dawson, P. Guo, R.S. Thorpe. 2011. Phylogenetic structure and species boundaries in the mountain pitviper Ovophis monticola (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) in Asia. Mol. Phylogen. Evol., 59(2):444-57; doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.010.
2010
Karen Dawson, Roger S. Thorpe, Anita Malhotra 2010. Estimating Genetic Variability in Non-Model Taxa: A General Procedure for Discriminating Sequence Errors from Actual Variation. PLOS Published: December 6, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015204
Thorpe RS, Surget-Groba Y, Johansson H (2010) Genetic Tests for Ecological and Allopatric Speciation in Anoles on an Island Archipelago. PLoS Genet 6(4): e1000929. doi:10.1371
See Nature 2010 465:12
See Science 2010. 328:677
Malhotra A, S Creer, CE Pook, RS Thorpe (2010) Inclusion of nuclear intron sequence data helps to identify the Asian sister group of New World pitvipers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 172–178.
J. Eales, R. S. Thorpe and A. Malhotra (2010) Colonisation history and genetic diversity: adaptive potential in early stage invasions. Molecular Ecology. 19: 2858-2869.
J. Eales & R. S. Thorpe (2010). Revealing the geographic origin of an invasive lizard: the problem of native population genetic diversity. Biol Invasions 12:77–86
DOI 10.1007/s10530-009-9431-6.
Daniells, E. A., N. J. Vélez Espinet, R. S. Thorpe and R. Powell. 2010. Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (876): 1-8
Powell, R., R. W. Henderson and R. S. Thorpe. 2010. Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (877): 1-3
2009
Guo P, A Malhotra, RS Thorpe, S Creer & CE Pook (2009) Comments on the systematic status of specimens belonging to the genus Viridovipera (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of southwestern China, with a redescription of V. yunnanensis. Herpetological Journal 19: 151–162.
Dawnay N, Ogden R, Wetton JH, Thorpe RS, McEwing R. 2009. Genetic data from 28 STR loci for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses in 6 bird of prey species. Forensic Science International: Genetics 3 (2009) e63–e69 Epub 2008 Aug 15.
2008
Johansson H , Y Surget-Groba, RS. Thorpe (2008). The roles of allopatric divergence and natural selection in quantitative trait variation across a secondary contact zone in the lizard Anolis roquet. Molecular Ecology 17, 5146–5156
Dawnay N, R McEwing, RS. Thorpe, R Ogden. (2008) Preliminary data suggests genetic distinctiveness of gyr and saker falcons. Conserv Genet (2008) 9:703–707.
Dawson K, A. Malhotra, R S Thorpe et al. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals a new member of the Asian pitviper genus Viridivipera (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Mol Phylo. Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.044
Johansson, H., Surget-Groba, Y., Thorpe R. S. 2008 Microsatellite data show evidence for male-biased dispersal in the Caribbean lizard Anolis roquet. Mol Ecol. 17:4425-4432.
Thorpe, R. S., Surget-Groba,Y. & Johansson, H. 2008. The relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation for speciation in anoles. Phil Trans. R. Soc Lond B. 363:3071-3081.
Thorpe RS et al 2008. Adaptive radiation in Lesser Antillean lizards: molecular phylogenetics and species recognition in the Lesser Antillean dwarf gecko complex, Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Mol Ecol 17:1489-1504
Eales, J, RS Thorpe, A Malhotra 2008. Weak founder effect signal in a recent introduction of Caribbean Anolis. Mol Ecol. 17:1416-1426
Dawnay, N., R. Ogden, R. S. Thorpe, L. C. Pope, D. A. Dawson & R. McEwing. 2008. A forensic STR profiling system for the Eurasian badger: A framework for developing profiling systems for wildlife species. Forensic Science International: Genetics. 2: 47-53.
Johansson, H., Surget-Groba, Y., Gow, J.L., Thorpe R. S. 2008. Development of microsatellite markers in the St Lucia anole, Anolis luciae. Mol. Ecol. Resources. 8:1408-1410
2007
Thorpe R. S., C. E. Pook, and A Malhotra. 2007. Phylogeography of the Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) complex in relation to variation in the colour pattern and symptoms of envenoming. Herpetological Journal 17:209:218.
Quijada-Mascareñas, J. A., J. E. Ferguson, C. E. Pook, M. Da G. Salomão, R. S. Thorpe, W. Wüster. 2007. Phylogeographic patterns of trans-Amazonian vicariants and Amazonian biogeography: the Neotropical rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus complex) as an example. Journal of Biogeography 34 (8), 1296–1312.
Malhotra, A. Thorpe, R. S., Hypolite, E., James, A. 20007. A report on the status of the herpetofauna of the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Applied Herpetology 4:177-194.
Dawnay, N., R. Ogden, R. McEwing, G. R.Carvalho, R. S. Thorpe. 2007. Validation of the barcoding gene COI for use in forensic genetic species identification. Forensic Science International. 173: 1-6
2006
Creer, S., Pook, C.E., Malhotra, A., Thorpe, R.S. 2006. Optimal intron analyses in the Trimeresurus radiation of Asian pitvipers. Systematic Biology 55: 57-72.
Gow JL, H Johansson, Y Surget-Groba, R S Thorpe. 2006. Ten polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers isolated from the Anolis roquet series of Caribbean lizards. Molecular Ecology Notes. 6:873-876.
Sanders KL, A. Malhotra, R.S. Thorpe. 2006. Evidence for a Müllerian mimetic radiation in Asian pitvipers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273: 1135-1141.
Sanders KL, A. Malhotra, R.S. Thorpe. 2006. Combining molecular,morphological and ecological data to infer species boundaries in a cryptic tropical pitviper. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87: 343-664.
2005.
Thorpe RS. 2005. Population evolution and island biogeography. Science. 310:1778-1779.
Creer S, A Malhotra, R S Thorpe, C E Pook. 2005. Targetting introns for phylogenetic analyses in non-model taxa: experimental results in Asian pitvipers. Cladistics. 21:390-395.
Thorpe RS, DL Leadbeater, C E Pook. 2005. Molecular clocks and geological dates: cytochrome b of Anolis extremus substantially contradicts dating of Barbados emergence. Mol Ecol 14:2087-2096.
Thorpe RS, JT Reardon, A Malhotra. 2005. Common garden and natural selection experiments support ecotypic differentiation in the Dominican anole (Anolis oculatus). Amer Nat . 165:495-504. 3 appendices.
Wüster W, JE Ferguson, JA Quijada-Mascareñas, CE Pook, MG Salomão & RS Thorpe 2005 Tracing an invasion: landbridges, refugia and the phylogeography of the Neotropical rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus durissus) . Mol Ecol. 14: 1095-1108.
Gübitz T, RS Thorpe, A Malhotra 2005. The dynamics of genetic and morphological variation on volcanic islands Proc R. Soc B. 272:751-757.
Malhotra A, & RS Thorpe. 2005. Erratum to “A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis)” {Mol Phylogenet. Evol. 32 (2004) 83-100]. Mol Phylo. Evol. 34:68-681.
Wuster W, Ferguson J E, Quijada A, Thorpe R S. 2005. No rattlesnakes in the rainforests: Reply to Gosling and Bush Molecular Ecology 14(11):3619-21.2004
Stenson,AG RS Thorpe and A Malhotra. 2004. Evolutionary differentiation of bimaculatus group anoles based on analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite data. Mol Phylo Evol 32:1-10.
Malhotra, A., and R.S.Thorpe. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pit vipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Mol Phylo Evol. 32: 83-100.
Creer, S., Thorpe, R.S., Malhotra, A., W.-H. Chou. & AG Stenson 2004. The utility of AFLPs for supporting mitochondrial DNA phylogeographical analysres in the Taiwanese bamboo viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri. J. Evol. Biol. 17: 100-107.
Sanders, K.L., A. Malhotra, and R.S. Thorpe. 2004. Ecological diversification in a group of Indomalayan pitvipers (Trimeresurus): convergence in taxonomically important traits has implications for species identification. J. Evol. Biol. 17: 721-731.
Herrmann, H.W., T. Ziegler, A. Malhotra, R.S. Thorpe, and C.L. Parkinson. 2004. Redescription and systematics of Trimeresurus cornutus (Serpentes: Viperidae) based on morphology and molecular data. Herpetologica, 60: 211-221.
Malhotra, A., and R.S. Thorpe. 2004. Maximising information in systematic revisions: a combined molecular and morphological analysis of a cryptic green pitviper complex (Trimeresurus stejnegeri). Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 82: 219-235.
Malhotra, A., R.S. Thorpe and B.L. Stuart. 2004. A morphometric analysis of Trimeresurus vogeli (David, Vidal and Pauwels, 2001), with new data on diagnostic characteristics, distribution and natural history. Herpetological Journal. 14: 65-77.
Malhotra, A., and R.S. Thorpe. 2004. Reassessment of the validity and diagnosis of the pitviper Trimeresurus venustus Vogel, 1991 Herpetological Journal, 14: 21-33.
Sanders, K.L., A. Malhotra, A. Gumprecht, R. S. Thorpe & U. Kuch. 2004. Popeia inornata, a new species of pitviper from West Malaysia (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Russian J. Herpetol.11: 171-184.
Losos J, Thorpe RS (2004) Introduction to Evolutionary diversification of Caribbean Anolis lizards. In: (eds.) Dieckmann, U., Doebeli, M., Metz JAJ, and Tautz, D., (Eds.) pp322-324 In: Adaptive Speciation, Cambridge University Press, U.K.
Thorpe RS, Malhotra A, Stenson AG and Reardon JT (2004) Adaptation and speciation in Lesser Antillean anoles. In: (eds.) Dieckmann, U., Doebeli, M., Metz JAJ, and Tautz, D., (Eds.) pp324-344 In: Adaptive Speciation, Cambridge University Press, U.K.
2003
Thorpe RS. 2003. Garth Underwood (1919-2002): A vision of reptile systematics. Herpetological Review. 34:6-8.
Thorpe RS and Stenson AG (2003) Phylogeny, paraphyly and ecological adaptation of the colour and pattern in the Anolis roquet complex on Martinique. Mol. Ecol. 12, 117-132.
Creer S, Malhotra A and Thorpe RS (2003) Assessing the phylogenetic utility of four mitochondrial genes and a nuclear intron in the Asian pitviper genus Trimeresurus: separate, simultaneous, and conditional data combination analyses. Mol Biol Evol 20, 1240-1251.
Creer S, Malhotra A, Thorpe RS, Stocklin R, Favreau P and Chou W-H (2003) Genetic and ecological correlates of intraspecific variation in pitviper venom composition detected using matrix assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and isoelectric focusing. J Mol Evol 56, 317-329.
2002
Ogden R, Thorpe RS (2002). Molecular evidence for ecological speciation in tropical habitats. PNAS 99: 13612-13615.
Thorpe RS (2002). Analysis of Color Spectra in Comparative Evolutionary Studies: Molecular Phylogeny and Habitat Adaptation in the St. Vincent Anole (Anolis trinitatis). Syst Biol 51: 554-569.
Ogden R, Thorpe RS (2002). The usefulnes of amplified fragment length polymorphism markers for taxon discrimation across graduated fine evolutionary levels in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Mol. Ecol. 11: 437-445.
Stenson AG, Malhotra A, Thorpe RS (2002). Population differentiation and nuclear gene flow in the Dominican anole (Anolis oculatus). Mol. Ecol. 11: 1679-1688.
Creer, S., Chou, W.-H., Malhotra, A. and Thorpe, R.S. 2002. Offshore insular variation in the diet of the Taiwanese bamboo viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Schmidt). Zoological Science, 19:907-913.
Sanders, K.L., Malhotra, A., and R.S. Thorpe. 2002. A contribution to the systematics of two commonly confused pitvipers from the Sunda region: Trimeresurus hageni and T. sumatranus. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus, Zoology, 68(2):107-111.
Hille A, Janssen IAW, Menken SBJ, Schlegel M, Thorpe RS (2002). Heterologous Amplification of Microsatellite Markers From Colubroid Snakes in European Natricines (Serpentes : Natricinae). Journal of Heredity 93: 63-66.
Ogden R, Griffiths TJ, Thorpe RS (2002). Eight Microsatellite Loci in the Caribbean Lizard, Anolis roquet. Conservation Genetics 3: 345-346.
Thorpe RS (2002) Geographic variation. In: Pagel MD, (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Evolution, pp. 430-435. U.K.Oxford University Press
Wuster W, Salomao MG, Quijada-Mascarenas JA, Thorpe RS. 2002. Origins and evolution of the South American pit viper fauna: evidence from mitiochondrial DNA sequence analysis. In. Biology of the Vipers (eds Schuett GW, Hoggren M, Douglas ME, Greene HW) pp 111-128 Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mt, Utah.
Wüster W, Thorpe RS Salomao MG, Thomas, L., Puorto G, Theakston RDG, & Warrell, DA. 2002. Origin and phylogenetic position of the Lesser Antillean species of Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae): biogeographical and medical implications. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus, Zoology, 68: 101-106.
2001
Thorpe RS, Richard M (2001). Evidence That Ultraviolet Markings Are Associated With Patterns of Molecular Gene Flow. PNAS 98: 3929-3934.
Creer S, Malhotra A, Thorpe RS, Chou WH (2001). Multiple Causation of Phylogeographical Pattern as Revealed by Nested Clade Analysis of the Bamboo Viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) Within Taiwan. Mol. Ecol. 10: 1967-1981.
Giannasi N, Malhotra A, Thorpe RS (2001). Nuclear and MtDNA Phylogenies of the Trimeresurus Complex: Implications for the Gene Versus Species Tree Debate. Mol Phylo Evol 19: 57-66.
Giannasi N, Thorpe RS, Malhotra A (2001). The Use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism in Determining Species Trees at Fine Taxonomic Levels: Analysis of a Medically Important Snake, Trimeresurus albolabris. Mol. Ecol. 10: 419-426.
Richard M, Thorpe RS (2001). Can microsatellites be used to infer phylogenies? Evidence from population affinities of the western Canary Island lizard (Gallotia galloti). Mol Phylo Evol 20: 351-360.
Surget-Groba Y, Heulin B, Guillaume G P, Thorpe RS, Kupriyanova L, Vogrin N, Maslak R, Mazzotti S, Venczel M, Ghira I, Odierna G, Leontyeva O, Monney JC, Smith N (2001). Intraspecific Phylogeography of Lacerta vivipara and the Evolution of Viviparity. Mol Phylo Evol 18: 449-459.
Puorto G, Salomao MD, Theakston RDG, Thorpe RS, Warrell DA, Wüster W (2001). Combining Mitochondrial DNA Sequences and Morphological Data to Infer Species Boundaries: Phylogeography of Lanceheaded Pitvipers in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and the Status of Bothrops pradoi (Squamata : Serpentes : Viperidae). J Evol Biol 14: 527-538.
2000
Richard M & Thorpe R S. 2000.Highly polymorphic microsatellites in the lacertid Gallotia galloti from the western Canary Islands. Mol Ecol.9:1919-1920.
Stenson A, Malhotra A, Thorpe R S. 2000. Highly polymorphic micriosatellite loci. from the Dominican anole (Anolis oculatus) and their amplification in other bimaculatus series anoles. Mol Ecol. 9:1661-1686.
Malhotra A & Thorpe R S. 2000. A phylogeny of the Trimeresurus group of pit-vipers: new evidence from a mitochondrial gene tree. Mol Phylo Evol. 16:199-211.
Giannasi, N, Thorpe R S, & Malhotra A. 2000. A phylogenetic analysis of body size evolution in the Anolis roquet group (Sauria: Iguanidae) character displacement or size assortment? Mol Ecol. 9:193-202.
Gübitz T, Thorpe R S, Malhotra A, 2000. Phylogeography and natural selection in the Tenerife gecko Tarentola delalandii: testing historical and adaptive hypotheses. Mol Ecol. 9:1213-1221.
Tarkhnishvili D, Thorpe R S , Arntzen JW 2000. Pre-Pleistocene refugia and differentiation between populations of the Caucasian salamander (Mertensiella caucasica). Mol Phylo Evol. 14:414-422.
Pook, C E, Wüster W, Thorpe, R S. 2000. Historical biogeography of the Western Rattlesnake (Serpentes:Viperidae: Crotalus viridis) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence information. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 15:269-282.
Malhotra A & R S Thorpe. 2000. The dynamics of natural selection and vicariance in the Dominican anole: patterns of within-island molecular and morphological divergence. Evolution 54:245-258.
Brede EG, Thorpe RS, Arntzen JW, Langton TES. 2000. A morphometric study of a hybrid newt population (Triturus cristatus/T.carnifex): Beam Brook Nurseries, Surrey, U.K. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70:685-695.
1999
Arntzen, JW, Thorpe R S. 1999 Italian crested newts (Triturus carnifex) in the Basin of Geneva: distribution and genetic interactions with autochonous species. Herpetologica. 55:423-433.
Malhotra, A. & R S Thorpe. 1999. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. Macmillan Education Ltd London and Oxford.
Tarkhnishvili, DN, JW Arntzen & RS Thorpe 1999 Morphological variation in brown frogs from the Caucasus and the taxonomy of the Rana macrocnemis group. Herpetologica. 55:406-417.
Wüster W, Salomao MG, Duckett GJ, Thorpe RS. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the Bothrops atrox species complex (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia 8:135-144.
Salomao MG, Wüster W, Thorpe RS, 1999. MtDNA phylogeny in neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Sqamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia 8: 127-134.
Wüster W, JC Daltry, & RS Thorpe. 1999. Can diet explain intraspecific venom variation? Reply to Sasa. Toxicon 37:253-258.
1998
Thorpe RS & A Malhotra. 1998. Molecular and morphological evolution within small islands. pp 67-82 in PR Grant Ed. “Evolution on islands”. Oxford University Press.
Daltry JC, T Ross, RS Thorpe, W Wüster. 1998. Evidence that humidity influences snake activity patterns: a field study of the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma. Ecography 21:25-34.
Daltry JC, Wüster, W, Thorpe RS. 1998. Intraspecific variation in feeding ecology of the crotaline snake Calloselasma rhodostoma in Southeast Asia. Journal of Herpetology 32:198-205.
Saino N, Wuster W, Thorpe RS. 1998. Congruence between morphological variation and altitudinal gradient across a hybrid zone between carrion and hooded crows. Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 407-412
Raybould AF, Mogg RJ, Aldham C, Gliddon CJ, Thorpe RS, Clarke RT. 1998. The genetic structure of sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) populations. III. Detection of isolation by distance at microsatellite loci. Heredity 80:127-132.
1997
Thorpe, R S, W Wüster, & A Malhotra. 1997 Venomous Snakes: Ecology, Evolution and Snakebite. The Zoological Society of London. Clarendon Press Oxford. 276pp.
Salomao, M D G, Wüster, W., Thorpe, RS. & Touzet JM. 1997. DNA evolution of South American pit vipers of the genus Bothrops (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae). Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 70:89-98.
Malhotra, A. & Thorpe R S. 1997. New perspectives on the evolution of South-east Asian pit vipers (genus Trimeresurus) from molecular studies. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 70:115-128.
Daltry, J, Wüster, W, & Thorpe R S. 1997. The role of ecology in determining venom variation in the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 70:155-171.
Wüster, W. Salomao, MG, & Thorpe RS, Puorto G., Furtado MFD., Hoge SA, Theakston RDG., & Warrell, DA. 1997. Systematics of the Bothrops atrox complex: new insights from multivariate analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequence information. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 70:99-113.
Belt PJ., Malhotra A., Thorpe RS., Warrell DA, & Wüster W. 1997. Russell's viper in Indonesia: snakebite and systematics. Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 70:219-234.
Malhotra, A. & Thorpe R S. 1997. Microgeographic variation in scalation of Anolis oculatus (Dominica, West Indies): a multivariate analysis. Herpetologica. 53:49-62.
Malhotra, A. & Thorpe R S. 1997. Size and shape variation in a Lesser Antillean anole, Anolis oculatus (Sauria:Iguanidae) in relation to habitat. Biol. J. Linn Soc.60:53-72.
Overton, J.L., D J Macintosh & R S Thorpe. 1997. Multivariate analysis of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Brachyura:Portunidae) from four locations in Southeast Asia. Marine Biology. 128:55-62.
Giannasi, N., R S Thorpe & A Malhotra. 1997. Introduction of Anolis species to the island of St Lucia, West Indies: Testing for hybrids using multivariate morphometrics. J.Herpetol. 31:586-589.
1996
Daltry, JC, Wüster, W, & Thorpe R S. 1996. Diet and snake venom evolution. Nature. 379:537-540.
Thorpe, R. S. 1996. The use of DNA divergence to help determine the correlates of evolution of morphological characters. Evolution. 50:524-531.
Malhotra A., Thorpe R. S., H. Black, J. C. Daltry and W. Wüster. 1996. Relating geographic patterns to phylogenetic processes. In "New uses for new phylogenies" ed P. H. Harvey, A. J. Leigh-Brown, J. Maynard Smith & S. Nee. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp 187-202.
Wüster, W., R.S. Thorpe, G. Puorto. 1996. Systematics of the Bothrops atrox complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brasil: a multivariate analysis. Herpetologica, 52:263-271.
Daltry, J., G.Ponnudurai, C K Shin, N H Tan, R S Thorpe, W Wüster. 1996. Electrophoretic profiles and biological activities: Intraspecific variation in the venom of the Malayan pit viper (Callosellasma rhodostoma). Toxicon. 34:67-79.
Thorpe, R S , H Black & A Malhotra. 1996. Matrix correspondence tests on the DNA phylogeny of the Tenerife Lacertid elucidates both historical causes and morphological adaptation. Systematic Biology. 45:335-343.
Thorpe, R S & A Malhotra. 1996. Molecular and morphological evolution within small islands. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Lond. B. 351:815-822.
Thorpe, R. S & A Malhotra. 1996. Anolis lizards of the Caribbean (review). T.R.E.E. 11:523.
Erratum: Molecular and Morphological Evolution within Small Islands
Published 30 September 1996.DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0104
1995
Thorpe, R.S., A. Malhotra, H. Black, J.C. Daltry & W. Wüster 1995. Relating geographic pattern to phylogenetic process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Lond B. 349:61-68.
Thorpe, R.S., J.Daltry, W. Wüster, A. Malhotra and N.L. Thorpe. 1995. The biology of dangerous snakes: systematics and venom evolution. Toxicon 35: 589.
Wüster, W., R.S. Thorpe, M.J. Cox, P. Jintakune & J. Nabhitabhata. 1995. Population systematics of the snake genus Naja (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae) in Indochina: multivariate morphometrics and comparative mitochondrial DNA sequencing (cytochrome oxidase I). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 8:493-510.
Malhotra , A. and R. S. Thorpe. 1995. Ameiva fuscata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Ed. A Price. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 606:1-3.
1994
Wüster, W. and Thorpe, R. S. 1994. Naja siamensis, a cryptic species of dangerously venomous snake revealed by mtDNA sequencing. Experientia. 50:75-79.
Thorpe, R.S., D.P. McGregor, A.M. Cumming and W.C. Jordan. 1994. DNA evolution and colonization sequence of island lizards in relation to geological history: mtDNA RFLP, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase, 12s rRNA sequence, and nuclear RAPD analysis. Evolution. 48:230-240.
Thorpe, R.S., R. P. Brown, M. Day, A. Malhotra, D. P. McGregor & W. Wuster. 1994. Testing ecological and phylogenetic hypotheses in microevolutionary studies. In Phylogenetics and Ecology. Ed P. Eggleton and R. Vane-Wright. Academic Press. pp 189-206.
Malhotra, A. and Thorpe, R. S. 1994. Parallels between island lizards suggests selection on mitochondrial DNA and morphology. Proc Roy Soc B. 257:37-42.
Castellano, S., Malhotra, A. and Thorpe, R. S. 1994. Within-island geographic variation of the dangerous Taiwanese snake Trimerusurus stejnegeri, in relation to ecology. Biol J Linn Soc. 52:365-375.
Pierce, G J., R S Thorpe, L C Hastie, A S Brierley, A Guerra, P R Boyle, R Jameison & P Avila. 1994. Geographic variation in Loligo forbesi in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Analysis of geographic variation and tests of causal hypotheses. Marine Biology 119:541-547.
Pierce, G J., L C Hastie, A Guerra, R S Thorpe, F G Howard, P R Boyle. 1994. Morphometric variation in Loligo forbesi and Loligo vulgaris: regional, seasonal, sex, maturity and worker differences. Fisheries Research 21:127-148.
1993
Thorpe, R.S. & M. Baez. 1993. Geographic variation in scalation of the lizard Gallotia stehlini within the island of Gran Canaria. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 48:75-87.
Thorpe, R.S., McGregor, D. & Cumming, A.M. 1993. Population evolution of western Canary Island lizards (Gallotia galloti): 4‑base endonuclease restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 49:219-227.
Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 1993. An experimental field study of an eurytopic anole, Anolis oculatus. J. Zool. Lond. 229: 163-170.
Thorpe, R.S., McGregor, D. & Cumming, A.M. 1993. Molecular phylogeny of the Canary Island lacertids (Gallotia): mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment divergence in relation to sequence divergence and geological time. J. Evol. Biol. 6:725-735.
Brown, R. P., Thorpe, R. S. & Baez, M. 1993. Patterns and causes of morphological population differentiation in the Tenerife skink, Chalcides viridanus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 50:313-328.
1992
Malhotra , A. and R. S. Thorpe. 1992. Anolis oculatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Ed. A Price. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.540:1-4.
Wüster, W. and R. S. Thorpe. 1992. Asiatic cobras: Population systematics of the Naja naja species complex (Serpentes:Elapidae) in India and Central Asia. Herpetologica. 48:69‑85.
Wüster, W., S. Otsuka, R. S. Thorpe, and A. Malhotra. 1992. Morphological variation in Russell's viper in Burma and Thailand. The Herpetological Journal. 2:99‑101.
Wüster, W. & R.S. Thorpe. 1992. Dentitional phenomena in Cobras revisited: spitting and fang structure in the Asiatic species of Naja (Serpentes: Elapidae). Herpetologica: 48:424‑434.
Wüster, W., S. Otsuka, A. Malhotra and R.S. Thorpe. 1992. Population systematics of Russell's viper: a multivariate study. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 47:97‑113.
Thorpe, R.S. & Malhotra, A. 1992. Are Anolis lizards evolving? Nature, 355:506.
Brown, R.P., Thorpe, R.S. & Speakman, JR. 1992. Comparisons of body size, field energetics and water flux among populations of the skink Chalcides sexlineatus. Can. J. Zool. 70:1001-1006.
Day, M. and R S Thorpe. 1992. The Lesser Antillean Iguana, Iguana delicatissima, on St. Barthelemy. Herpetofauna News. 2:11.
Allegrucci, G., Baldari, F., Caesaroni, D., Thorpe, R.S. & Sbordoni, V. 1992. Morphometric analysis of interspecific and microgeographic variation of crayfish from a Mexican cave. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 47:455-468.
1991
Brown, R.P., R.S. Thorpe & M. Baez. 1991. Parallel within‑island microevolution of lizards on neighbouring islands. Nature. 352:60‑62.
Malhotra, A. & R.S. Thorpe. 1991. Experimental detection of rapid evolutionary response in natural lizard populations. Nature. 353:347‑348.
Thorpe, R.S. and R.P. Brown. 1991. Microgeographic clines in the size of mature male Gallotia galloti (Squamata: Lacertidae) on Tenerife: Causal hypotheses. Herpetologica 47:28‑37.
Wüster, W. & R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Asiatic cobras: systematics and snake bite. Experientia. 47:205‑209.
Malhotra, A. and R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Microgeographic variation in Anolis oculatus on the island of Dominica, West Indies. J. Evol. Biol. 4:321‑335.
Thorpe, R.S. 1991. Clines and cause: Microgeographic variation in the Tenerife gecko (Tarentola delalandii). Syst. Zool. 40:172‑187.
Thorpe, R.S., R.P. Brown, A. Malhotra & W. Wüster, 1991. Geographic variation and population systematics: distinguishing between ecogenetics and phylogenetics. Boll. Zool.58: 329‑335.
Brown, R. P., and R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Within‑island microgeographic variation in body dimensions and scalation of the skink Chalcides sexlineatus, with testing of causal hypotheses. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 44:47‑64.
Brown, R. P. and R. S. Thorpe. 1991. Within‑island microgeographic variation in the colour pattern of the skink, Chalcides sexlineatus: pattern and cause. J. Evol. Biol. 4:557‑574.
Greer A., Thorpe R.S. & Malhotra A. 1991. Natural history notes from the Roe Plain, Western Australia. West Australian Naturalist. 18:178-184.
1990
Wüster, W and Thorpe, R.S. 1990. Systematics and biogeography of the Asiatic cobra (Naja naja) species complex in the Philippine Islands. In Peters G, . and R. Hutterer (Eds.) Vertebrates in the Tropics. 333‑344. Museum A Koenig, Bonn.
Baez, M. and R. S. Thorpe. 1990. Analisis preliminar de las divergencias entre las poblaciones de Chalcides viridanus en las Islas Canarias. Vieraea. 19:209‑213.
Brown, R.P., R. S. Thorpe and M. Baez. 1990. Within‑island geographic variation of Chalcides in Tenerife and Gran Canaria. In M V Hounsome ed Evolution and conservation on the North Atlantic Islands. Manchester. Proceedings of Manchester N Atlantic Conference 1990, Linnean Society of London. 342pp.
1989
Butler, P.M, Thorpe, R.S. & Greenwood M. 1989. Interspecific relationships of African crocidurine shrews (Mammalia:Soricidae) based on multivariate-analysis of mandibular data. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 96:373‑412.
Wüster, W. & Thorpe, R.S. 1989. Population affinities of the Asiatic cobra (Naja naja) species complex in south-east Asia: reliability and random resampling. Biol J Linn Soc.36:391‑409.
Thorpe, R.S. 1989. Geographic variation: Multivariate analysis of six character systems in snakes in relation to character number. Copeia. 1989:63‑70.
Thorpe, R.S. & Brown R.P. 1989. Microgeographic variation in the colour pattern of the lizard Gallotia galloti within the island of Tenerife: distribution, pattern and hypothesis testing. Biol J Linn Soc. 38:303‑322.
Corti, M. & Thorpe, R.S. 1989. Morphological clines across a karyotypic hybrid zone of house mice in central Italy. J Evol Biol. 2:253‑264.
Thorpe, R.S. & Brown, R.P. 1989. Testing hypothesized causes of within‑island geographic variation in the colour of lizards. Experientia 45:397‑400.
Thorpe, R.S. 1989. Pattern and function of sexual dimorphism: A biometric study of character variation in the grass snake (Natrix natrix, Colubridae) due to sex and its interaction with geography. Copeia. 1989:53‑63.
Thorpe, R. S. 1989. A review of "Natural History Excursions in Tenerife. A guide to the countryside, plants and animals" by M & P Ashmole. In Journal of the British Ecological Society.
1988
Thorpe, R.S. 1988. Multiple group principal component analysis and population differentiation. J. Zool. Lond. 216:37‑40.
Corti, M., Thorpe, R.S., Sola, L., Sbordoni, V. & Cataudella, S. 1988. Multivariate morphometrics in aquaculture: a case study of six stocks of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Italy. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:1548‑1554.
1987
Thorpe, R.S. & Baez, M. 1987. Geographic variation within an island: univariate and multivariate contouring of scalation, size and shape of the lizard Gallotia galloti. Evolution. 41:256‑268.
Thorpe, R.S. 1987. Congruence between independent character systems across a hybrid zone: patterns in geographic space. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut- forsch. 25:161‑169.
Wüster, W. & Thorpe, R.S. 1987. Geographic variation in the cobras of the genus Naja in south‑east Asia: a multivariate analysis. pp 449‑452. In J.J. Gelder, H. Strigbosch & P.J.M. Bergers, eds. Proc. 4th Ord. Gen. Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica.
Thorpe, R.S. 1987. Geographic variation: a synthesis of cause, data, pattern and congruence in relation to subspecies, multivariate analysis and phylogenesis. Boll. Zool. 54:3‑11.
Searle, J.B. & Thorpe, R.S. 1987. Morphological variation in the common shrew (Sorex araneus) in relation to karyotype and geography. J. Zool. Lond. 212:373‑377.
Thorpe, R.S. 1987. Complex clines: the predictivity of complicated patterns of geographic variation portrayed by multivariate analysis. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 31:75‑88.
1986
Thorpe, R.S. 1986. Evolution and character congruence in some western Indian Ocean Phelsuma: Numerical analysis of biochemistry, shape, and scalation. J. Zool. Lond A . 208:429‑441.
Thorpe, R. S. 1986. Population affinities and morphometry with particular reference to geographic variation in reptiles. DSc Thesis. University of Aberdeen.
1985
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Relative similarity between subspecies of the western Canary Island lizard, Gallotia galloti. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36: 529‑532.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Extent of racial divergence in the eastern Canary island lizard, Gallotia atlantica. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36:507‑512.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Alternative hypotheses for the causation of geographic variation in the western Canary Island lizard Gallotia galloti. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36:533‑539.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Body size, island size and variability in the Canary Island lizards of the genus Gallotia. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36:481‑487.
Thorpe, R.S., Watt, K. & Baez, M. 1985. Some interrelationships of the Canary Island lizards of the genus Gallotia. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36:577‑584.
Baez, M. & Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Microevolution of the lizard Gallotia galloti within the island of Tenerife. Bonn. zool. Beitr. 36:513‑515.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Character number and the multivariate analysis of simple patterns of geographic variation: categorical or "stepped clinal" variation. Syst. Zool. 34:127‑139.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. Clines: character number and the multivariate analysis of simple patterns of geographic variation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 26:201‑214.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. A numerical analysis of isoelectric focused keratin monomers: affinities of some western Indian Ocean green geckos Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 13:63‑69.
Thorpe, R.S. 1985. The effect of insignificant characters on the multivariate analysis of simple patterns of geographic variation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 26:215‑223.
1984
Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Multivariate patterns of geographic variation between the island and mainland populations of the eastern grass snake (Natrix natrix natrix). J. Zool. Lond. 204:551‑561.
Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Primary and secondary transition zones in speciation and population differentiation: a phylogenetic analysis of range expansion. Evolution. 38:233‑243.
Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Coding morphometric characters for constructing Distance Wagner networks. Evolution. 38:244‑255.
Leamy, L. & Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Morphometric studies in inbred and hybrid house mice. Heterosis, homeostasis and heritability of size and shape. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 22:233‑241.
Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Geographic variation in the western grass snake (Natrix natrix helvetica) in relation to hypothesized phylogeny and conventional subspecies. J.Zool. Lond. 203:345‑355.
Boyle, P.R. & Thorpe, R.S. 1984. Optic gland enlargement and female gonad maturation in a population of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa: a multivariate analysis. Marine Biol. 79:127‑132.
1983
Thorpe, R.S. & Giddings, M.R. 1983. The biochemistry of keratin in green geckos (Phelsuma) and its systematic value. Herpetologica. 39:399‑410.
Thorpe, R.S. 1983. A biometric study of the effects of growth on the analysis of geographic variation: tooth number in green geckos (Reptilia: Phelsuma). J. Zool. Lond. 201:13‑26.
Thorpe, R.S. & Leamy, L. 1983. Morphometric studies in inbred and hybrid house mice (Mus sp): a multivariate analysis of size and shape. J. Zool. Lond. 199:421‑432.
Thorpe, R.S. 1983. Phylogenetic analysis of range expansion in the grass snake: reticulate evolution: primary and secondary contact zones. Numerical Taxonomy: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute. NATO Advanced Study Institute Series G (Ecological Sciences), No.1, ed. Felsenstein, J. , Berlin, Heidelberg and New York (Springer‑Verlag) pp. 464‑468.
Thorpe, R.S. 1983. A review of the numerical methods for recognising and analysing racial differentiation. Numerical Taxonomy: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute. NATO Advanced Study Institute Series G (Ecological Sciences), No.1, ed. Felsenstein, J.,
Berlin, Heidelberg and New York (Springer‑Verlag) pp. 404‑423.
Thorpe, R.S. 1983. Research into the evolution and taxonomy of snakes and lizards. Bull. Brit. Herp. Soc. 7:30‑31.
1982
Thorpe, R.S. 1982. Reticulate evolution and cladism: tests for the direction of evolution. Experientia. 38:1242‑1243.
Thorpe, R.S. 1982. Molossid bat morphometry. A review of "A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia, Chiroptera): morphology, ecology, evolution". Freeman, P.U. Fieldiana Zoology, New Series No.7 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 173 pp.1981. J. Mamm. 63:353‑354.
Thorpe, R.S., Corti, M. & Capanna, E. 1982. Morphometric divergence of Robertsonian populations/species of Mus: a multivariate study of size and shape. Experientia. 38:920‑923.
1981
Thorpe, R.S. 1981. Racial divergence and subspecific status of the Gotland grass snake: a comment on Nilson and Andren's paper. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 72:369‑370.
Thorpe, R.S. & Giddings, M.R. 1981. A novel biochemical systematic technique for herpetology based on epidermal keratin. Experientia, 37:700‑702.
Thorpe, R.S. 1981. The morphometrics of the mouse: A review. In The Biology of the House Mouse, Ed. R.J. Berry. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond., 47: 85‑125.
Crawford, CM. & Thorpe, R.S. 1981. Identification, morphometrics and cytogenetics of green geckos (Phelsuma) from Praslin, Seychelles (with notes on P. longinsulae, Mahe). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 15:29‑37.
1980
Thorpe, R.S. 1980. A comparative study of ordination techniques in numerical taxonomy in relation to racial variation in the ringed snake Natrix natrix (L.). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 13:7‑40.
Thorpe, R.S. 1980. Microevolution and taxonomy of European reptiles with particular reference to the grass snake Natrix natrix and the wall lizards Podarcis sicula and P. melisellensis. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 14:215‑233.
Thorpe, R.S. 1980. Racial affinities and geographic variation: comparison of the use of multivariate morpometrics and conventional subspecies. Proc. Euro. Herp. Symp. Oxford, 5‑6.
Miller P., Tawil E., Thorpe R.S., Webb C. 1980. Haemoglobins and the systematic problems set by Gobioid fishes. pp 195‑233 In Chemosystematics: Principles and Practice. Eds. Bisby, Vaughan, Wright. Academic Press, London.
1979
Crawford, CM. & Thorpe, R.S. 1979. Body temperatures of two geckos (Phelsuma) and a skink (Mabuya) in Praslin, Seychelles. Brit. J. Herpetol. 6:25‑31.
Thorpe, R.S. & Crawford, CM. 1979. The comparative abundance and resource partitioning of two green geckos species (Phelsuma) on Praslin, Seychelles. Brit. J. Herpetol. 6:19‑24.
Thorpe, R.S. 1979. Multivariate analysis of the population systematics of the ringed snake, Natrix natrix (L). Proc. Royal Soc. Edin. 78B:1‑62.
1978
Thorpe, R.S. & McCarthy, C.J. 1978. A preliminary study, using multivariate analysis, of a species complex of African house snakes (Boaedon fuliginosus). J. Zool. Lond. 184:489‑506.
1976
Thorpe, R.S. 1976. Biometric analysis of geographic variation and racial affinities. Biological Reviews. 51:407‑452.
1975
Thorpe, R.S. 1975. Biometric analysis of incipient speciation in the ringed snake, Natrix natrix (L.). Experientia. 31:180‑182.
Thorpe, R.S. 1975. Quantitative handling of characters useful in snake systematics with particular reference to intraspecific variation in the ringed snake Natrix natrix (L.). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 7:27‑43.
1973
Thorpe, R.S. 1973. Intraspecific variation of the ringed snake Natrix natrix (L.). Ph.D. Thesis.